Bone Density Tests: What Medicare Covers and How to Support Strong Bones
Bones can weaken with age without causing any pain or warning. The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) calls osteoporosis a “silent” disease because it often causes no symptoms until a bone breaks. A bone density test is one way doctors look at bone strength. Here is what to know about the test, what Medicare covers and simple everyday habits that support strong bones.
What Is a Bone Density Test?
A bone mass measurement, often called a bone density test, checks how strong your bones are. Medicare.gov says it is used to find out whether you are at risk for broken bones. Your doctor decides whether you need one and how to read the results.
What Medicare Covers
Medicare Part B covers bone mass measurements as a preventive service for people who meet certain conditions. Per Medicare.gov, you may qualify if one or more of these apply to you:
- You are a woman whose doctor finds you are estrogen-deficient and at risk for osteoporosis.
- Your X-rays show possible osteoporosis, thinning bone (osteopenia) or a break in a spine bone.
- You take prednisone or a similar steroid medicine, or plan to start.
- You have been diagnosed with primary hyperparathyroidism.
- You are being monitored to see whether your osteoporosis treatment is working.
Medicare covers the test once every 24 months, and more often if your doctor says it is medically necessary. You pay nothing for the test if your provider accepts assignment, according to Medicare.gov (details checked October 2026). Costs can differ if you have other insurance or the provider does not accept assignment, so ask the office before you book.
Who Is More Likely to Have Weaker Bones?
NIAMS lists several factors that raise risk. They include getting older, being postmenopausal, having a small frame, a family history, low calcium or vitamin D intake, smoking, heavy drinking, being inactive, certain medical conditions and long-term use of some medicines. Having a risk factor does not mean you will have a problem. It is a good reason to talk with your doctor.
Everyday Habits That Help
- Eat a balanced diet that includes foods with calcium and vitamin D.
- Do weight-bearing activity, such as walking. See our walking guide for a gentle start.
- Do not smoke, and keep alcohol to a moderate amount.
- Work on balance and strength to lower the chance of a fall. Try our balance exercises for beginners.
- Bring up bone health at your yearly checkup. Our guide to Medicare’s wellness visits can help you prepare.
Safety note: if you already have thin bones or have been told you are at risk, ask your doctor which activities are safe for you before starting something new, and stop if you feel pain.
This article is general information, not medical advice. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about your own health.
